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Obesity Risk Report
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This material is intended for informational purposes and guidelines from WHO/ICMR.
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Understanding Obesity
What is Obesity?
Obesity is a chronic (long-term) disease that is linked to having more body fat. In 2025, an estimated 2 in 5 adults in India are overweight or have obesity.
Having obesity increases your chances of having other serious health conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. The good news is there are a variety of lifestyle modifications options to help manage obesity, such as eating healthy and physical activity.
How is Obesity Diagnosed?
Measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are common ways to check for obesity. Your doctor may also ask questions about your medical history, current medicines, and other facts about your lifestyle, like your physical activity and eating habits.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
If you're aged 20 years and above, your doctor can assess whether you may have obesity by using a measurement called body mass index (BMI). BMI compares your weight (in Kgs) to your height (in meters) to check if you're at a healthy weight or if you may have obesity.
Waist Circumference
Your doctor may also measure your waist circumference by wrapping a tape around your waist at belly button level. This measurement assesses how much fat your body stores around your belly. Having more fat around your belly can raise your risk of health problems.
What Causes Obesity?
Obesity can be caused by various factors, many of which you can't control. For example, your weight can be affected by genes you inherit from your parents. Your brain and hormones send signals to help control hunger and fullness, metabolism.
Factors You Cannot Control
- Genetics: Family history and genetic predisposition
- Hormonal Factors: Hormonal imbalances affecting metabolism
- Age: Metabolism naturally slows with age
- Medical Conditions: Certain conditions can contribute to weight gain
Prevention Strategies
Preventing obesity involves a comprehensive approach:
- Balanced Diet: Focus on whole foods, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains
- Regular Physical Activity: At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week
- Portion Control: Being mindful of serving sizes and eating slowly
- Hydration: Drinking adequate water and limiting sugary beverages
- Adequate Sleep: 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night
BMI Categories for Adults
Note for Asian Populations
For Asian populations, including Indians, the BMI cutoffs for overweight and obesity are lower (23 and 25 kg/m² respectively) compared to Western populations (25 and 30 kg/m²).
How Might Obesity Affect Health?
Having obesity can raise your risk of other health conditions or concerns, like:
What Can I Do to Manage Obesity?
Good News: If you have obesity, losing weight can help lower your risk of other health conditions. Even losing a small amount of weight — like 5% of your body weight — can significantly improve your health.
Dietary Recommendations
When and How Should I Talk to a Doctor?
If you're worried about your weight, talk to your doctor. Prepare for your visit by considering:
References
The information in this tool is based on sources including World Health Organization, World Obesity Federation, and ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (2024).
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